word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 31910 | n- |
2 | 25993 | e- |
3 | 25882 | u- |
4 | 22503 | a- |
5 | 19928 | k- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 15204 | ng- |
2 | 9735 | ku- |
3 | 8887 | ba- |
4 | 7097 | ab- |
5 | 6251 | wa- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 5667 | aba- |
2 | 4728 | ngi- |
3 | 4267 | uku- |
4 | 3805 | ngo- |
5 | 2990 | nga- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 2009 | ngok- |
2 | 1484 | noku- |
3 | 1478 | njen- |
4 | 1239 | waye- |
5 | 1217 | aban- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 1573 | ngoku- |
2 | 1473 | njeng- |
3 | 824 | abang- |
4 | 810 | ngiya- |
5 | 634 | singa- |
The tables show the most frequent letter-N-grams at the beginning of words for N=1…5. Their frequency is count without multiplicity, otherwise the stopwords would dominate the tables.
As shown in the above example (German), word prefixes are clearly visible. In the above example, ver- and ein- are prefixes, and Sch- is not. At the end of a prefix we typically have a wide variety of possible continuations. Hence a prefix of length k will be prominent in the table for N=k, but typically not in the table for N=k+1. The prominent entries Schw- and Schl- for N=4 tell us that Sch- is no prefix.
Zipf’s diagram is plotted with both axis in logarithmic scale, hence we expect nearly straight lines. The graphs look more typical for larger N. Especially for N=3 we find only a small number of trigrams resulting in a sharp decay.
For a language unknown to the reader, the data can easily be used to see whether prefixes do exist and to find the most prominent examples.
For counting, only words with a minimum character length of 10 were considered.
Because only a word list is needed, the tables above can be generated from a relatively small corpus.
For N=3:
SELECT @pos:=(@pos+1), xx.* from (SELECT @pos:=0) r, (select count(*) as cnt, concat(left(word,3),"-") FROM words WHERE w_id>100 group by left(word,3) order by cnt desc) xx limit 5;
For more insight in a language, longer lists might be useful.
Is there a need for larger N
Most frequent word endings
Most frequent letter-N-grams
Number of letter-N-Grams at word beginnings
Number of letter-N-Grams at word endings